Communication Pilot Project (STAR GATE) — DTI-S-1053-SL

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SECRET DTI-S-1053-SL

DEFENSE
INTELLIGENCE
AGENCY

¢

COMMUNICATION PILOT PROJECT (U)

SS JANUARY 1993

NOFORN

SECRET

STAR GATE

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COMMUNICATION PILOT PROJECT
SHORT TITLE: DTI-S-1053-SL

Date of Publication
5 January 1993

This document was prepared by the
Directorate for Scientific and Technical Intelligence,
Defense Intelligence Agency.

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SECRET

PREFACE

(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) This project is part of on-going proficiency
enhancement activity conducted by DTI-S personnel. It explores
remote viewing (RV) communication potential involving a simple
coding technique.

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CONTENTS

PAGE
Preface
I BACKGROUND... cc ccc rnccsvcccessccssceseseees§3 1
II OBJECTIVE. 2... ccc ecw w cree ccc ecccescccseccsves 53 L
III SUMMARY... ccc ccccssrccvccccesccessssesccess 3 lL
IV DISCUSSION
1. Basic Approach... ccc ccccsccssscscceee Ll
2. The Target Pool... cc cccccccsssnsssssssee 2
3. The MeSSageS.... ccc cece sssevsvvesscessee 2
4. PYrOCeEdureS...... eer ccccceccesssveeesee 3
5. Evaluation/Message Selection............ 3

¢

Vv OBSERVATIONS... cc cccccceccccccscccccseseeee§ 5

Appendix

A - Target A eevee eeeeceoeeeee eer ere er eee eeeeeeveve A-1

Target Bi wcccccrscceveccesvveceeeveessece B-1

Target Croce creccccscccccccee oeeee eoeeceeeseee C-1

Target Diwwswcccsssccscscvessececccscees D-1

aH oO A w
I

- Beacon Person Sketches.......ccccceseees Exl
- Viewers Data...... rs {eb

F
G - Control Person Data... ccccccrvcsvcvcccece G-1

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LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1 --- TARGET RANKINGS

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COMMUNICATION PILOT PROJECT

I. (U) BACKGROUND:

(S/NF/SG/LIMIDS) Procedures for in-house proficiency
project activity were defined in DT-S-1039-SL, Proficiency
Enhancement Projects, 21 June 1991. This project expands on
aspects of the over-all proficiency effort with a view toward
exploring communication potential in simulated situations.

II. (U) OBJECTIVES:

(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) The objective of this pilot study is to
explore the potential for using remote viewing (RV) data ina
communication mode. It is based on a straight-forward coding
technique and a simple evaluation approach. A more comprehensive
procedure useful for real-world situations (e.g., hostage crisis,
missing persons) should follow from these results.

III. (U) SUMMARY:

(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) This report presents the results of a
proficiency communication project involving only one message-
sending attempt using a simple message coding technique.

(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) In this first attempt, the correct

message, "All _ is well. I am in good physical and mental shape.",
was identified. It resulted from use of a majority vote

technique based on remote viewing (RV) data only.

Iv. (U) DISCUSSION:

1. (U) Basic Approach:

(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) Results of previous remote viewing
(RV) proficiency projects have indicated that the accuracy of RV
data may not always be sufficient for direct use ina
communication mode where highly specific information is desired.
However, a message-sending scheme can be developed that utilizes
the more reliable aspects (e.g., forms, concepts) of remote
viewing data. A codebook with the appropriate match of intended
message to a specific form/concept (e.g., a specific photo or
sketch) can be prepared for possible later use. When the need
arises, the "sending", or beacon person (e.g., hostage) only
needs to focus on the appropriate target picture or sketch.
Remote viewers then access that target photo and generate
descriptions of the target content. Data evaluators, blind to
the actual target, select the correct target photo from a small
pool of several other possible targets based on the remote
viewing data. Each target correlates to different key messages;
selection of the correct photo would therefore link to the

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specific desired message. With appropriate practice/training,
this technique permits a few highly important messages to be
reliably sent (by a remote person) and successfully received (by
remote viewers).

2. (U) The Target Pool:

(S/NF) The four generic targets used in this study were
based on easy-to-construct general categories and included:

- Mountains/valleys (any mountain; Alps, Rockies, etc).

- Water/ocean/river/falls (any large water area; Lake
Michigan, Mississippi River, etc).

- Desert area/barren/hot (any desert area; S.W. USA,
Sahara, etc).

- City/people activity (any large city complex; New York
City, Los Angeles, etc).

(S/NF) For use in a simple communication mode, it is
not necessary for the viewer to identify all specifics of the
pictorial target; only its general nature or basic
configuration/concept is required. Targets for this pilot study
were selected with great care in order to avoid overlap of
prominent target features. This diversity provides good cross-
target discrimination and therefore enhances the chances of
correct target message selection. The four targets in this pool
are shown in appendix A through D.

3. (U) The Messages:

(S/NF) The four messages that correspond with the four
generic target categories can be anything. However, it is best
to make then relevant to a real-world operation project, such as
determining important information about a lost or abducted
individual. Thus, for this basic four-message approach, the
following message-target match could be pre-established in a
message-sending codebook available to a potential hostage:

Message Generic Target Picture
1. All is well. 1. Mountains/valleys.

I am in good physical
and mental shape.

2. I am very sick or ill, 2. Ocean/water/river.
possibly injured or wounded.

3. I am in a fixed location. 3. Desert area/hot.
4. I am on the move. Do not 4. Any city/any people
know where I am. activity.
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(U) The above messages were in fact selected for this
single-message pilot study. They were typed on the reverse side
of the corresponding target pictures used in this project.

4. (U) Procedures:

(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) A beacon person was selected from the
DTI-S staff to perform the message-sending task. This person
chose, at random, one of the possible pictorial targets from a
target pool of four target photos. The beacon person was then
isolated to avoid inadvertent target disclosure, and was
instructed to make sketches and become absorbed in the target
material. These sketches are in appendix E. At the same time,
the three project remote viewers (in another building) attempted
to describe. the content of the target photo and/or the beacon
persons sketches or target-relevant thoughts. After the RV
sessions were completed and all data recorded, the beacon person
returned the target to the original target pool that had been
secured during the RV session activity. These four potential
targets were then randomly arranged ona table in order to
facilitate the judging/message selection phase that followed.
All of the targets had been placed in plastic covers to eliminate
the possibility of handling clues.

5. (U) Evaluation/Message Selection:

(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) After all data was recorded, and
before the correct target was revealed by the beacon person, the
data evaluators then compared the RV data from all the viewers to
all four of the potential targets. A majority vote technique was
used, and the picture receiving the most. votes was declared as
"the target". Then, that picture was turned over in order to
read the specific message typed on its reverse side. This
message, therefore, was declared as "the intended message".

(S/NF) In addition to selecting the most likely match
(i.e., first choice), the judges. also selected second, third, and .
fourth place (last) matches...-This ranking scheme will be useful
for assessing the over-all statistical Significance of this—
procedure as additional communication projects are performed.

(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) The judging/target voting was
accomplished by the project operations officer, the office chief,
and the viewers (for their own data). The results are shown on
Table 1. -

(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) As.can'bé seen from Table 1, target D
received more votes then any of the other three. This turned out
ro be the correct target; thus the correct message (All_is well.

am_in good physical and mental shape.) was in fact received.

(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) Data from two of the three viewers was
of good quality. This enabled two of the three evaluators (the
majority) to match this data to the correct target (target D.)

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senna NOFORN/LIMDIS
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11 DECEMBER 1992

PROJECT 92-132-P

TABLE 1
TARGET RANKINGS
| POTENTIAL TARGETS
SOURCE RATORS A B c D
DESERT CITY FALLS MOUNTAIN
DG 2 1 4 3
025 FG 2 1 4 3
025 4 2 1 3
!
DG 3 4 2 1
049 FG 3 4 2 1
049 . 3 4 1 2
ed
DG 3 4 2 1
079 FG 3 4 1 2
079 3 4 _2 1
.
DG 3 4 1 2
CONTROL FG 3 4 1 2
Cc 4 3 1 2
| TOTALS A B Cc D
(Sources Only)
FIRST PLACE oO 2 3 (om
SECOND PLACE 2 1 4 2
THIRD PLACE 6 ie) fe) 3
FOURTH PLACE 1 6 2 xe)
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Brena

One of these viewers, however, did not identify the correct
target and instead chose the correct target as second place.
Competing elements in target C led to this situation. One of the
project evaluators also had difficulty discriminating between
competing target elements. This suggests that experience in
judging is very important to this message sending process.

(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) Data from the third viewer was off-
target and no correct match was possible for that viewer.

(U) A control person was also used to generate
"guesses", However, as expected, no one matched the control
person's data with the intended target.

Vv. OBSERVATIONS:

(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) The successful result of this first
message-sending pilot study is encouraging. The STAR GATE unit
plans to replicate similar communication projects in the near
future in order to explore variations (such as distance) and to
improve the basic technique. Potential customers will also be
brought into these projects as “beacon persons" in order to
demonstrate reliability of the technique in real-world
situations.

(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) Experience gained from follow-on
projects will improve over-all evaluation/judging effectiveness.
Certain aspects of the viewers data (e.g., early vs later data,
sketches) may be observed to have higher target significance then
other portions. Thus, it may be possible to isolate the more
reliable elements of the viewer's data. Certain evaluators/
judges may be better suited to the data styles of specific
viewers. Evaluator/viewer matching may also help enhance over-
all results. In addition, experience gained from working with
this type of data should lead to improvements in judging
effectiveness over time.

(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) Another area to examine is the role of
the beacon person. It appears some viewers are better at
accessing the beacon person's activity (e.g., sketches made,
thoughts) then others who may be accessing the actual target
picture. If so, the type of RV data generated may be viewer
dependent. The nature of these differences or preferences, when
better understood, could lead to improved over-all results.

(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) In this pilot study, the beacon person
had also prepared the target pool. Thus, the beacon person was
aware of the three other target possibilities after the intended
target was selected. This situation could have complicated the
message-sending process. However, in real-world situations a
potential hostage or missing person would probably be aware of
all possibilities in a message-sending codebook. If such
knowledge by a beacon person raises difficulties, it must be
discovered early-on in order to adjust the procedure. For this

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pilot study, beacon person knowledge of the entire target pool
does not appear to have influenced results.

(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) The beacon person's involvement with
sketching target elements (appendix E) may have been a key factor
for one or two of the viewers. Their data had very specific
correct elements that may have been the result of the beacon
person's physical (drawing) and emotional (strong intent)
involvement with the target. Such intensity would be expected in
a real-world situation. Thus, over-all success in message
sending could be better in real-world.circumstances then in those
set up for proficiency or statistical assessments.

(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) Much has been learned from this
single-message communication investigation. It is anticipated
that follow-on to this project will not only help validate the
potential of this communication technique, but will also provide
an additional avenue for enhancing viewer proficiency in a
variety of other tasks.

(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) With practice, it may also be possible
to access specific brief messages directly via the remote viewing
methodology, without the need for picture/message association.
This aspect will also be pursued in future communication
projects.

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TAB

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SH

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snort”

APPEXDIX A-D

TARGET PICTURES

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b30U
Limbs mutilated for firewood or livestock fodder, alone desert-defying treat
rides a sea of dunes in western Mauritania. GEORG GERSTER

I AM IN A FIXED LOCATION.

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A -|

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CPYRGHT

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I AM ON THE MOVE. DO NOT
KNOW WHERE I AM.

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CPYRGHT

“I felt a little tremor,” David Livingstone
admitted in 1855, as his canoe surged toward
the thunder of the mile-wide falls he named
for Britain’s Queen Victoria. A plane
(above) now carries tourists above the
torrent of the Zambezi River, where the
explorer saw “a dense white cloud with two
rainbows.” Pale moonlight recaptures one
such rainbow in a haunting time exposure
(right) that also records a star track.

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I AM VERY SICK OR ILL,
POSSIBLY INJURED OR WOUNDED.

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C-2

CPYRGHT
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Galenstock (Switzeriand): Phota: Wild RCIQA

IN GOOD
ALL IS WELL. I AM
PHYSICAL AND MENTAL SHAPE.

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TAB

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ern

APPEXDI£ E

BEACON PERSON SKETCHES

TARGET D

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E-1

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PROTOCOL

MULTI-PURPOSE SERIES

o There will be ten projects in this series with three aspects:
(1) site description; (2) message sending; and (3) direction
estimating.

o Only one project will be worked per day, with no more than two
or three per week. A beacon person (MS) will be involved.

o Targets will be randomly selected from a large pool the night
before or the morning of the scheduled project, Only the beacon
person (MS) will know the target site and, later, the message
target.

o The beacon person will be at the site by 10 AM. All viewers
will work the project at the same time. Following their
sessions, viewers will summarize/sketch their findings and will
attempt to identify the targets direction by marking a
representative map of the larger area.

o The message sending phase involves a target picture will
begin at NOON while the beacon person is still in or near the
target site. "MS" will randomly select the target picture from a
pool of four diverse pictures. This phase will last 15-30
minutes; all viewers will work it at the same time. Following
this period, the viewers will summarize/sketch key impressions,
and will later take part in a message selection process similar
to the communication pilot study of 15 Dec 1992.

o An optional procedure is for. all viewers to work together
after all session data is recorded in order to develop a
composite of the target material (i.e., site descriptions; site
direction; message target data).

o Ground truth will only be known when the beacon person returns
(AM of following day).

o Evaluation will be accomplished by 0-5 scale comparison and
blind ranking procedures.

o Remember: This multi-purpose series contains all the elements
of a "live" hostage situation. In essence, "MS serves aS a
"simulated hostage" who is at a fixed location and who is
attempting to communicate site data and a specific message.
Consequently our project data will be examined to see how well
data could have led to a successful location, and on how reliable
a basic message could be determined.

Reminder: Results of this project are of high interest to a
special Ft Belvoir group and others.

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PROTOCOL

JOINT COMMUNICATIONS SERTES

This Joint Communications (JC) series will run four projects
(targets) with feedback provided after all four projects are
completed.

The targets will be selected by "JM" at 1000 hours each day.
"JM" will focus on one or two target elements as well as any key
dynamic/feeling/sensation/sound/color associated with or implied by
the target content. This "sender" information will be recorded as
part of the target material.

The sender will hold target focus for at least 15-20 minutes
initially, and at various periods throughout the day.

Viewers will initiate their response at 1000 hours, or at an
any other time throughout the day. At least two sessions are
desired per target (the latter session for refinement and for
developing target spatial relationship or dynamic/feeling aspects
in more detail). Viewers also have the option of working on the
target during the evening.

All sessions will be summarized as soon as completed. In the
case of evening work, this material will be documented by 0900
hours the following day.

In additional to individual responses, all viewers will work
together to develop a consensus "composite" interpretation of the
target. This composite activity can be accomplished whenever all
sessions are completed but not later than 0900-0930 hours (i.e.,
prior to start of the following project).

Responsibility for preparing the "composite" will be rotated,
based on the numerical order of the viewer number.

Evaluation of this series will be accomplished on a case-by-
case basis based on a 0 - 5 scale comparison, and on a blind
ranking procedure. The four targets will be arranged in random
order and mailed after all session data (and composites) are
completed for the last target. This will facilitate the blind
ranking procedure. Ground truth will be obtained only after the
judging is completed.

Remember, our basic interest in this communication series is to
refine data useful for narrowing down lost persons or hostage
location tasks. In essence, "JM" will serve as a simulated hostage
who is being moved around. This type of target is of key interest
to a potential tasking agency at Ft Belvoir.

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